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It is an unfortunate truth, but the Canadian Government has a habit of not honouring their promises

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BY KAHA G – 15 YEARS OLD

In history class, we were asked to do a group presentation based on various disputes between Indigenous peoples and the Canadian government as a whole, whether that be the crown, or even our current government. We were also asked to do an OPCVL (Origin, Purpose, Content, Value, and Limitations) on the websites we use to get a good idea of who is reporting the article and what kind of biases they present on the specific topic. My group chose the Toronto Purchase as our topic, and I will explain the Indigenous and Crowns’ perspective and give an overall introduction to what the Toronto Purchase is (some of this information is from my group members as well).

The Toronto Purchase of 1805, known as Treaty 13, is a big moment in Canadian history. Partially negotiated between the Mississaugas of the Credit First Nation and the British Crown, this land treaty aimed to address the uncertainties left by the Johnson-Butler Purchase of 1787-88. The earlier deal lacked clarity, resulting in rage over land boundaries and usage. In response, the Toronto Purchase sought to provide a clearer understanding of land rights between the Crown and the Mississaugas, resulting in ongoing colonial expansion and the displacement of Indigenous communities.

Now, here is the Toronto Purchase Treaty from each perspective:

The Crown’s Perspective:

Britain’s defeat at the hands of the Americans in 1783 because of the American Revolution placed a lot of pressure on the crown to acquire more land to resettle loyalist refugees. As well as the crown needed to secure communication and supply lines to western outposts and unite settlements along Lake Ontario from Kingston to Niagara. Since the crown knew that the Mississaugas of the Credit had large amounts of land that could benefit them, they created a treaty. The Mississaugas agreed, however, the British had no intention of sharing this land, and there were doubts about the treaty’s legitimacy of the deed and unclear land boundaries.

A deed is a legal document that outlines details of a land transaction, in this case, it would have the sale of the lands from the Mississaugas to the British Crown.

These concerns were bad for the crown because honouring agreements was important for maintaining the British government’s reputation and credibility. Violating treaties can damage relationships with Indigenous nations and other colonial powers, which puts them at a disadvantage when it comes to various aspects like security, defense, alliances, and trade.

The Mississaugas of the Credit First Nations Perspective:

Chief Wabakinine (wabakeyneen) was the Head Chief of the Mississaugas of the Credit First Nation in the 18th century. On their behalf, he signed many surrender treaties with the colonial British setters, including Treaty 13, or the Toronto Purchase.

Since the British needed more land for the settlers, Chief Wabakinine agreed to share the land with the newcomers in a beneficial way, where the Mississaugas could still hunt, fish, and gather, while the settlers would go about their way establishing villages and farms. However, the British didn’t keep up their end of the Treaty and the settlers saw the Mississaugas as trespassers, drove them from their camping places, ravaged the resources of the land and brought new diseases with them.

Sooner than later, the traditional economy was collapsing, and disease started to spread, making the population of Mississaugas drop 20%, within 10 years. The crown was now deemed untrustworthy since they didn’t respect Indigenous rights, took more land than originally agreed upon, underpaid them for the land, did not honour the terms and agreements of the Treaty and delayed the Mississaugas compensation for around 223 years (1787 to 2010).

Furthermore, the sources I got this information from were biased towards Indigenous peoples, as well as Indigenous websites that have a clear and precise analysis of what the goals of the Crown were, and why they did what they did. So, I would say the websites I used have a balance in respect to bias.

To summarize this whole article, the British Crown wanted more land for settlers and to secure their territory, but they didn’t stick to their promises in the Toronto Purchase treaty. The Indigenous Mississaugas agreed to share the land but got mistreated, lost resources, and faced disease instead. This shows how colonialism harmed Indigenous people and why we should honour their rights and finally bring justice for all of the torment they faced because of the Canadian government.

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Junior Contributors

I think it’s the parent’s fault! A student’s perspective on the phone ban

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Photo Credit: Freepik

BY KAHA G.

As the sun rises over the horizon, a new day begins, full of endless possibilities and opportunities. With the world at our fingertips and technology advancing quickly, it’s no wonder that we’re constantly bombarded with information and distractions. Amidst all the noise and chaos, finding the right balance between education and technology and minimizing distractions is crucial for creating a good learning environment. Today, let’s explore the recent cell phone regulations in Ontario schools and their impact on students. As well as my opinion as a student on it and how technology is affecting our youth.

According to thestar.com, Ontario’s Education Minister Stephen Lecce recently announced new cell phone regulations in schools that have sparked mixed feelings among students. From September, every public school in Ontario will be required to enforce uniform rules regarding cell phone usage. For kindergarten through grade six students, this means keeping phones on silent and out of sight throughout the school day. While older students in grades seven and above will have some freedom to use their devices during breaks; the ban will be in effect during class time.

Many students rely on their smartphones for various purposes, from research to communication with others. While the goal of enhancing focus and concentration is important, students worry about the potential impact on their ability to engage with technology as a learning tool. I think that the phone ban won’t be that bad, and it will give students who use their phones often when the teachers give a lesson no choice but to listen. However, I think we should be able to use our phones in classes teaching other languages like French. Or, at least during times when we are expected to write something down in French, we should be able to search for words and sentences we don’t know for these writing activities.

Furthermore, the government’s decision to involve parents in the enforcement of these regulations is both good and challenging. While parental support is essential for the success of these measures, it also means facing potential consequences at home if students fail to comply with the rules.

Despite these concerns, finding the right balance between education, and technology and minimizing distractions is crucial for creating a healthy learning environment. As Premier Doug Ford puts it, “While you’re in learning, you’ve got to learn.”

Before I end this article, I would like to discuss why it is necessary to mention students from kindergarten to grade four in this ban. First of all, they shouldn’t have phones, because they aren’t old enough. It is crazy for me to imagine little kids of these ages to be putting away their phones until the end of the day. As much as we want to deny it, I think it’s the parent’s fault. At this age, we shouldn’t be giving phones to children at that age at home let alone to take them to school. An iPad at home is fine but phones; ridiculous!

Why are people letting the internet take the role of the parents by teaching kids? Trust me, I know that my generation (Gen Z) is messed up, but if we’re this bad imagine the generations to come. If we increase the time kids spend on technology, when are they going to have time to go outside and play in the park and to be a kid? Children in grade two are asking for air pods and phones. Although having a set screen time for children like (1-2) hours is reasonable, we should normalize having a balance between tech and education.

Most of us have that impulse to reach for our phones, and it is because we’re addicted.  If we’re freaking out that we won’t have a phone during school, then it tells us how we have been doing as a society. Normalizing balance for students in pre-K and up is crucial for our success.

When enforcing regulations: educators, policymakers, and students need to consider different perspectives. This is by promoting discussion and collaboration between students, parents, and educators so that a well-balanced approach that prioritizes both focus and technological proficiency in the classroom can be achieved.

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We are living in a world where social interaction is on a scary decrease

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BY AMARI SUKHDEO

When you see someone eating food, hanging out with friends, sitting in a car, walking down the street, or practically doing anything, what are they most likely doing? They’re on their smartphones. It’s almost as if the device is glued to their hand! The extensive hours that the majority of people dedicate to their devices, particularly on social media platforms, takes time away from face-to-face communication and in-person activities. When they’re out with the people they are messaging online, they’re still on their phones. The question is, how are people getting any proper social interaction? They are not.

Some ways cellphones have negatively impacted social skills are reduced face-to-face communication, decreased ability to read non-verbal cues, shortened attention spans, increased isolation, limited empathy development, impaired conversation skills, reduced social confidence, dependency on technology, and diminished social etiquette. Recognizing these impacts prompts a need for consideration of our device usage and its effects on our social interactions.

When we engage in face-to-face communication, social information is conveyed by vocal and visual cues. Non-verbal communication (facial expressions, eye contact, tone of voice, posture, space between individuals, etc.) is an important part of communicating. However, online, these non-verbal forms of communication and cues are not delivered. This leads to a growing lack of understanding when it comes to social aspects of communicating.

In a recent study, a group of teenagers spent five days in a camp without access to any devices and being limited to only in-person interaction, while another group stayed at home and used their screens regularly. The teenagers’ in-person interaction improved significantly in terms of reading facial emotions, while the other group’s skills remained the same. The results suggest that digital screen time, even when used for social interaction, can reduce the time spent developing skills to read non-verbal cues of human emotion. These overall decreases social skills in all settings such as communicating with families, classmates, colleagues, and romantic partners.

Constant device usage not only impacts individual social skills, but also alters how people connect with each other. Quick texts and social media posts can’t replace the richness of face-to-face conversations. This may lead to weaker emotional bonds and less meaningful relationships, especially amongst teenagers that are still learning how to navigate social interactions. Teenagers spending significant time on devices report lower satisfaction in their in-person relationships, which draws a connection between how devices negatively impact the ability to maintain strong connections in real life.

The constant use of devices in everyday life has led to a concerning amount of negative social consequences. From reduced face-to-face communication to impaired non-verbal communication skills, the pervasive use of devices has fundamentally altered the way people interact. The dependence on online-communication diminished the depth of authenticity of relationships, and open-communication. We are living in a world where social interaction is on a scary decrease, and with the new and addicted generation, emotional development and social connection is at risk.

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Junior Contributors

The cost of convenience: how much does delivery really cost?

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BY AMARI SUKHDEO

Have you ever been excited to camp-in and order your favourite meal for delivery, only to be taken aback by that bill? That $18 ramen suddenly balloons to $32. Why the hefty price tag? Here’s what’s happening:

Markup mayhem:

When opposed to ordering straight from the restaurant, ordering through delivery apps frequently entails a surreptitious price increase. The menu items found on these platforms are typically more expensive than those found inside. Remarkably, a recent survey found that the cost of things ordered through delivery apps may be up to 26% more than that of items ordered straight from the restaurant. A lot of customers are caught by surprise by this markup, which turns what could have been a relatively inexpensive dinner into a costly affair.

Fee fiasco:

Not only is there a markup, but there are also significant service costs added to the bill. For instance, Uber Eats determines prices based on the quantity of your order, while DoorDash charges a $3 minimum service fee in addition to a 15% service charge. These extra fees have the potential to significantly raise the overall cost of your meal, giving customers the impression that they have been taken advantage of.

Restaurant shares:

It’s not just diners who are experiencing financial hardship. Restaurants face a big competition from delivery apps, which can take up to 30% of their earnings. This is especially true for smaller businesses that depend significantly on delivery services. Restaurants may find it extremely challenging to generate a profit due to the weight of high commissions, given their already extremely narrow profit margins.

A troubling tendency is shown through data: the cost of using delivery apps is progressively going up. Fees have increased to previously unheard-of heights in recent years, leaving many customers unable to pay more for their favourite dishes. For a few, the price hike has caused them to reconsider their dining options.

At home diners, keep in mind that you have to account for the hidden expenses the next time the convenience of a takeaway menu entices you. It’s a story about: delivery workers’ financial struggles, increased rates, and outrageous surcharges. Bon appétit, with caution.

https://www.vox.com/money/24118201/food-delivery-cost-expensive-doordash-ubereats-grubhub

https://www.foodandwine.com/news/delivery-app-prices-higher-fees-2021-pandemic

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