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Guarding against misinformation: Simple steps to protect yourself

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BY KAHA G.

“‘When fake news is repeated, it becomes difficult for the public to discern what’s real.” Jimmy Gomez

This is a quote I couldn’t agree more with, and it plays a big role in most if not all of the issues going on in the world. In this article, I will discuss three ways you can be misinformed, how it spreads and affects us, and how to protect ourselves.

There are three types of ways you can be misinformed: misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation. Although they look the same, they all have different meanings.

  • Misinformation is false or misleading information shared without the intent to deceive, which means it could be an honest mistake, or misunderstanding.
  • Disinformation is false information spread to deliberately deceive or manipulate the public to obscure the truth.
  • Malinformation is information that is based on reality, and it is presented in a way to cause harm, like the information shared to damage someone’s reputation. An example of malinformation is when someone online—like a content creator— says something but people clip it (only show the peculiar thing they said), so it’s taken completely out of context to slander their name or get them “cancelled.”

Now, how does this type of information spread so fast on social media? According to https://today.usc.edu/, USC (University of Southern California) researchers found that social media platforms’ reward systems play a big role in spreading fake news. Instead of just being due to people not thinking critically, the study shows that 15% of frequent news sharers are responsible for 30% to 40% of fake news. Social media encourages people to share sensational content by rewarding them, similar to how video games work. This leads users to share information without checking if it’s true.

Furthermore, behavioural studies show that when people see misinformation, they are more likely to believe it and share it, especially if it’s to show support for a political group, criticize others, or gain attention. Expressing that people are more likely to share fake news if it matches their beliefs, is new, or causes strong emotions.

Misinformation spreads differently on social media than on TV, or in newspapers, which have more checks to prevent false claims. On social media, information can spread quickly with little oversight, and something called “echo chambers” where people only see views similar to their own, make it that much worse. Algorithms play a big role in this as they highlight emotional content.

Additionally, misinformation has a profound impact on the public’s opinions, and their beliefs and behaviour. For example, it can cause people to have wrong ideas about important issues like health, politics, or science. It can also make people more divided, as misinformation often plays on emotions like fear and anger, making people strongly support one side while distrusting others. This is a dangerous and disgusting tactic used by some governments in a time of conflict. Over time, this can lead to less trust in reliable sources like news outlets and experts, making it harder for true information to be accepted.

How can the public combat all this misinformation, and tell the truth from deception? It’s by thinking carefully about the information they come across and being cautious about what sources they trust. It’s important to check if the information is accurate by looking at multiple reliable sources before sharing it.

Fact-checking websites can sometimes help confirm if something is true, or false, but even those have to be verified. People should also be aware of their own biases and how these might affect their judgment. Following trustworthy news sources, avoiding echo chambers, and learning about common misinformation tactics can help recognize and avoid false information. Lastly, although commonly overlooked, taking a moment to think before reacting to emotional content can help stop the spread of misinformation.

In conclusion, it’s important to be careful about misinformation. We can protect ourselves from false information by thinking critically, checking facts from trusted sources, and being aware of our biases. Using fact-checking tools and being cautious about what we share can help stop the spread of misinformation. Staying informed and alert helps keep the information we see and share more accurate and reliable.

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Junior Contributors

How are current trends shaping our world? Foreshadowing 2025

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Credits: raw.pixel

BY AMARI SUKHDEO

As we look toward 2025, it’s natural to wonder how current trends will shape our world. Drawing from technological advances, societal shifts, and environmental challenges observed in 2024, we can outline some plausible developments. By connecting these to existing evidence, we can better understand why these changes are likely.

Smarter AI, beyond assistants

In 2024, AI systems became more personalized and efficient, with companies investing in AI models that function locally to reduce delays and energy use. By 2025, we could see AI systems embedded in everyday tools. For instance, AI in healthcare already assists with diagnostics; next, it may empower wearable devices to provide personalized treatment suggestions based on real-time data. This isn’t just speculation; investments by tech giants like Google and Microsoft into smaller, faster AI models in 2024 lay the groundwork for this leap forward.

 Climate action driving everyday innovations

Extreme weather events and rising global temperatures made headlines in 2024, pushing governments and industries to accelerate renewable energy efforts. Solar panels and wind farms became more efficient, and electric vehicles (EVs) gained broader adoption as costs fell. In 2025, we could reasonably expect community-level energy storage solutions, like localized solar grids in neighbourhoods, offering resilience against power outages caused by climate disruptions. The sharp drop in renewable energy costs in 2024 suggests this trend will only accelerate.

Job markets evolve with AI

The growing use of AI in hiring processes was evident in 2024, with more companies testing conversational bots for initial candidate screenings. By 2025, these bots could standardize equitable hiring practices, focusing on skills rather than credentials. If trends from 2024 hold, candidates might submit work samples directly analyzed by AI, bypassing biases inherent in traditional resumes.

 Space exploration as the next frontier

Private companies made significant progress in space technology in 2024, with initiatives like reusable rockets and plans for lunar missions advancing rapidly. In 2025, commercial space tourism could become a niche industry, offering suborbital flights for high-net-worth individuals. More importantly, the ongoing development of satellite networks for global internet coverage—spearheaded by firms like SpaceX—may revolutionize connectivity in rural and underserved areas, fulfilling the promises set in motion during 2024.

Social media’s evolution

The spread of misinformation and rising concerns about mental health dominated conversations about social media in 2024. By 2025, we might see stricter regulations and innovations in platform design aimed at promoting responsible usage. For instance, algorithms may prioritize verified information or feature built-in mental health support, echoing growing public demand for ethical practices observed last year.

The predictions for 2025 are rooted in developments already in motion. Rapid strides in AI and renewable energy, coupled with societal responses to climate challenges, social media, and space suggest a future where technology is more integrated into daily life and becomes a norm. However, navigating these changes will require continued investment and ethical oversight.

https://www.eckerson.com/articles/predictions-2025-everything-is-about-to-change

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Junior Contributors

AI can be a helpful tool, but it can’t replace the special qualities that make human storytelling unique

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Photo Credits: Diana Grytsku

BY YAHYA KARIM

It has recently been found that people take a strong dislike to any stories that are labeled AI generated, even if they were truly written by a human. This might come as a surprise, but it shows how we feel about AI in creative work, such as writing stories.

The study, led by Haoran Chu, a professor of public relations, tested out how people would feel after reading two similar stories, one written by a human and one written by an AI. The participant in the study would find a label indicating which writing was AI generated, and which was written by a human. Through the experiment they switched the labels, so the readers thought they were reading an AI version of the story, when in fact they were reading the human version.

When people saw that it was an AI generated story, they seemed less interested. Even though what was written was almost identical, people did not feel that connection with the AI writing. They felt less connected if it was written by a machine.

The study found that stories written by AI can convince people just as much as those written by humans, especially when it comes to topics like health. However, AI doesn’t make readers feel as connected or immersed in the story. This is something that human writers are better at doing.

The study shows that people still really value the “human touch” in storytelling. Even though AI can write text that is clear and logical, it doesn’t have the same: emotional touch, creativity, or personal feel that humans bring to their writing. When we read a story, we trust human writers to make it feel relatable, which is something AI struggles to do.

In the future, AI might be great for writing simple facts, or basic information, but when it comes to creating deep, emotional stories humans still have the advantage. AI can be a helpful tool, but it can’t replace the special qualities that make human storytelling unique.

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Would you try tasting the virtual world? It’s just the beginning of something really cool!

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BY KHADIJA KARIM

Have you ever wished you could taste something while using virtual reality? Well, researchers from the City University of Hong Kong have come up with a way to make that happen! They invented a lollipop-shaped device that lets you taste different flavours while wearing a VR headset. It sounds like something from a futuristic movie, but it’s real!

Here’s how it works, the device holds flavoured gels, like cherry, milk, and green tea. When you put on the VR headset, a Bluetooth signal tells the lollipop what flavour to produce. A tiny electric current is then sent through the gel using a process called iontophoresis. This makes the flavour appear on your taste buds. Lollipop even uses smells to make the flavour taste real. So, when you lick the lollipop, it really does taste like the flavour you’re supposed to be experiencing.

There are some limits to the device. Right now, it can only produce nine preloaded flavours. Another issue is that the gel dries out after about an hour, so you can’t use it for too long. However, this technology is still much better than the old methods used to try and create virtual taste. In the past, some methods involved chemicals that had to be placed on your tongue, but that wasn’t easy to use. Another method had people stick electrodes to their tongues, which sounds pretty uncomfortable.

You might wonder why we need virtual taste at all. Researchers say it could be useful in medicine. For example, it could help doctors test for gustatory disorders, which are problems with taste. Imagine going to the doctor for a test where they check if you can tell the difference between the taste of milk and grapefruit. That’s something the VR lollipop could help with!

This invention could also make shopping more fun. Think about it, if you’re shopping online for snacks, or drinks, you could taste them virtually before buying. It’s like trying a sample at the store, but you can do it from your own home. It may sound a little silly, but it could help people make better decisions when buying food.

This new technology shows just how much virtual reality is changing. We’ve had visuals and sound in VR for a while, but now taste is becoming part of the experience. Who knows what’s next? Maybe in the future, we’ll taste food in VR games or try out recipes in a virtual kitchen. Even though it’s still new, it’s exciting to think about the possibilities. Would you try tasting the virtual world? It’s just the beginning of something really cool!

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