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Masks On, Mask Off – Is widespread masking a reflexive reaction to anxiety over the pandemic?

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BY SIMONE J. SMITH

PAY ATTENTION!

This article just might save your life, if you take the time to go with me through this convoluted journey of the mask.

I am going to give this type of article a new name. We will call it a Docuview. Like a documentary, this article is going to be a non-fictional editorial, intended to document reality, primarily for the purpose of instruction, education, and maintaining a historical record. There has to be something left behind that accurately tells the stories of how society rebounded from the current catastrophic mess of our time.

Yes! I have hope, and the reason is because I know our readers are going to go through this information with a fine-toothed comb, check all references, and implement a plan for better health success. In this docuview, we are going to take you through the many twists and turns that have come about due to COVID-19, and mixed messages we have received on how to keep ourselves safe.

Let’s start with what is currently happening in Canada.
On June 30th, 2020, a by-law was issued in Toronto, Ontario stating that persons or organizations who own or are responsible for the operation of a facility or business, must have a policy to ensure masks or face coverings are worn by the public in enclosed areas, under their control.

Dr Eileen de Villa (City of Toronto Medical Health Officer) said “They have seen that making masks mandatory improves COMPLIANCE.”

Mayor Tory has spoken out and also said that masks will be mandatory in all public and enclosed indoor spaces. This means that you will be required to wear a mask on public transportation, such as the TTC, and ferries to the Toronto Islands, as well as inside shops, grocery stores and malls. He also mentioned that there will not be “AGGRESSIVE ENFORCEMENT” of the new bylaw, and that the city will instead focus on educating the public about the importance of the order.

Souce: Ontario Government


Link Source: https://www.ontario.ca/page/face-coverings-and-face-masks?fbclid=IwAR3alC-qfmUzyrw_RA4QqAy-7i8IFQREsgBsa-hTbsbYPVm_deZMPRdcxr8

This temporary by-law goes into effect starting July 7th.

The Brampton Guardian put out a story (written by Steve Cornwell), that Peel Region’s medical officer of health Dr. Lawrence Loh announced Tuesday, June 30th he has issued a recommendation that bylaws be enacted across Brampton, Mississauga and Caledon mandating use of non-medical masks in public places.

Mississauga Mayor Bonnie Crombie, said the rule would not require businesses to supply non-medical masks, but would allow them to REFUSE customers who aren’t wearing them, “period, full-stop.” She also said enforcing mandatory masks will be “CHALLENGING” and city officers will take an educational approach to the bylaw initially.

Other cities and boroughs are following this approach across Ontario including Durham Region, London, and St. Catherines.

How about we take a quick trip over the border.
Freedom Foundation (https://www.freedomfoundation.com/press-release/freedom-foundation-lawsuit-alleges-mask-order-violates-free-speech-compels-virtue-signaling/), recently put out a press release about Washington’s directive requiring residents to wear a mask or equivalent face covering in public places. This directive has been challenged by a lawsuit arguing the state cannot compel citizens to meekly support whatever newest guess the government is making when responding to the COVID-19 virus. By announcing that masks are required, license is given to state residents to publicly scorn, or privately inform on, their neighbours.

Currently 46 out of the 50 states have mask guidelines in place. According to CNN (https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/19/us/states-face-mask-coronavirus-trnd/index.html), there are a growing number of US states, who have mandated the use of masks and face coverings while in public. Their claim is that a recent study found that the use of masks and face coverings has been the most effective way to reduce person-to-person spread of coronavirus.

Currently: California, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Hawaii, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas, Virginia, and Washington have mandated masks.

I am not too sure where the law makers, politicians, governmental organizations, and mainstream media are sourcing their information from, but there have been some discrepancies with these claims of masks helping to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Let’s go a little further down the rabbit hole.

On April 6th, 2020, the World Health Organization released information in a release “Advice on the use of masks in the context of COVID-19.” (https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331693/WHO-2019-nCov-IPC_Masks-2020.3-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y)



According to them, there is limited evidence that wearing a medical mask by healthy individuals in the households or among contacts of a sick patient, or among attendees of mass gatherings may be beneficial as a preventive measure. There is currently no evidence that wearing a mask (whether medical or other types) by healthy persons in the wider community setting, including universal community masking, can prevent them from infection with respiratory viruses, including COVID-19.

They go a little further to say that the use of a mask alone is insufficient to provide an adequate level of protection, and other measures should also be adopted. They concluded that the wide use of masks by healthy people in the community setting is not supported by current evidence and carries UNCERTAINTIES and critical RISKS.

Our very own Chief Public Health Officer of Canada Theresa Tam, went live on CTV News, March 30th, 2020, and stated that current evidence doesn’t support public needing masks. I have included the video link for you because I need for you to hear the words out of her mouth. It runs from 0:00 seconds – 2:17 minutes approximately.

In her words, “The government was prioritizing the supply of masks for frontline workers. Continuous scientific evidence shows if you are sick, put on a mask to prevent droplets from spreading. Putting a mask on a person who is asymptomatic (NO SYMPTOMS) is not beneficial if you are not infected. If you are in close contact with someone who has the virus wear the mask.

What we worry about is the potential negative aspects of wearing a mask. It is not protecting your eyes, or other places that the virus can enter your body, and it gives you a false sense of confidence. Also, it increases the touching of your face.”

On the Canada.ca website (https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/2019-novel-coronavirus-infection/prevention-risks/about-non-medical-masks-face-coverings.html) they review the limitations of “Non-Medical Masks and Coverings.”

They clearly state that homemade masks are not medical devices and are not regulated like medical masks and respirators:

  • They have not been tested to recognized standards
  • The fabrics are not the same as used in surgical masks or respirators
  • The edges are not designed to form a seal around the nose and mouth

These types of masks may not be effective in blocking virus particles that may be transmitted by coughing, sneezing or certain medical procedures. They do not provide complete protection from virus particles because of a potential loose fit and the materials used.

According to an article published last month in the New England Journal of Medicine: (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp2006372)

“We know that wearing a mask outside health care facilities offers little, if any, protection from infection. The chance of catching COVID-19 from a passing interaction in a public space is therefore minimal. In many cases, the desire for widespread masking is a reflexive reaction to anxiety over the pandemic.”

The Justice Centre for Constitutional Freedoms (https://www.jccf.ca/mandatory-masking-requirements-represent-an-interference-with-personal-autonomy/) is closely watching the development of orders and regulations in some jurisdictions, which mandate the use of masks in all indoor public places, and those who require private establishments to enforce this directive.

The Justice Centre highlights the fact that for those who have to wear them for hours on end, masks can be debilitating and even a threat to health. Some of the orders instituted regionally in Ontario fail to fully account for the rights of those who cannot wear a mask safely. Such failings would render the requirements unconstitutional as a result of unjustified violations of sections 7 and 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, namely the rights to liberty, security of the person, and equality.

In addition, the necessity for exempt persons to disclose private and confidential information to third parties by way of explanation to justify their inability to wear a mask creates privacy concerns, which may render the mandatory mask requirements illegal. Plainly put, you don’t have to explain yourself to anyone. You have the right not to wear a mask.

Let’s stop for a moment and take a breath (mask off). I want you to take a second to digest the hypocrisy, misinformation, and blatant half-truths that you have been fed. Now, let’s start providing you with the information that you really need to keep yourself safe from this supposed second-wave of COVID-19 that we are going to be hit with. Clearly, contrary to popular belief, masks aren’t it.

I was introduced to Dr Terry Tillaart (https://www.terrytillaart.com/), and speaking with him offered some clarity. Dr Terry Tillaart graduated with a PhD in Natural Medicine from Kingdom College of Natural Health, certified by Texas Chiropractic College Division of Postgraduate studies. Terry was also nominated as the Moderator for the Natural Cures Forum on the World’s largest health website.

“They cannot enforce it,” Dr Terry began, “Masks are useless. Studies have been done on masks, and respirators, and they all cause harm. We are being told that if we restrict oxygen, we will feel better. What? As humans, we get rid of waste in four ways: Respiration (lungs remove carbon dioxide), perspiration (sweat), defecation (ridding body of solids), and urination (ridding body of liquid waste).

  • How long can you go without eating? About three weeks!
  • How long can you go without drinking? About three days!
  • How long can you without air? About three minutes!
  • This mask premise is fraudulent in so many ways.

Bad health is not something you can catch. If that was the case, you could catch good health.”

The Healthy America Website, produced a research article called, “Science Says Healthy People Should Not Wear Masks.” (https://www.thehealthyamerican.org/about-masks?fbclid=IwAR08eOVWU_8CH_mwpRugbT7yDjyqqmknsxFl5vBPmieqsozBf7eredfobac)

They went through an extensive list and provided reasons as to why healthy people should not be wearing masks:

  • Masks reduce intake of oxygen, leading to carbon dioxide toxicity
  • Germs are trapped near your mouth and nose, increasing risk of infection
  • Wearing a mask causes you to touch your face more frequently
  • There is no scientific evidence that supports healthy people wearing masks
  • Masks obscure your facial features and impede normal social interaction
  • Masks make it hard for hearing-impaired people to understand you

Warning label on box of masks.

Wow! How was that for you? Are you slowly removing your mask as you are reading this? If not, I completely overstand. There is still that fear of catching this COVID-19 thing. So, how do we move on from here?

I had the honour of speaking with Sachin Patel, a retired doctor who was formally trained as a chiropractor. He educated me on the workings of the body, and ways in which we have been misinformed.

“Being a chiropractor taught me how powerful the human body is. You create health; you don’t get health. We have cells we are not taught how to use.

It is our current nomenclature. We shouldn’t look at preventing illness, because anything we are preventing we are creating.

We have to start taking a creationary approach to health. We can decide how well we want to take care of ourselves.  I don’t take any health advice that is not at least 2,000 years old. Good health is quite simple when you look at it: smile often, keep good company, get a lot of sun, and eat natural foods.

Our bodies are operating systems. Hardware is our physical body. Software tells the matter what to do (fears, beliefs, how we are triggered, our nervous system). Our minds can become incorrectly programed for disease. Fear has been weaponized.  Think about it Simone; we are using a $1.00 mask to guard a trillion-dollar body.”

The good thing is that although there are certain cities in Toronto that are issuing these bylaws, the provincial government has declined a blanket order that people have to wear masks in indoor settings.

“A provincial policy isn’t necessary as local medical officers of health have the authority to institute the same policy the mayors requested under Section 22 of the Health Protection and Promotion Act,” Ontario’s Health Ministry said in a statement.

Let’s take a look at Section 22, Order by M.O.H. re communicable disease Health Protection and Promotion Act (https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90h07/v9)

  1. (1) A medical officer of health, in the circumstances mentioned in subsection (2), by a written order may require a person to take or to refrain from taking any action that is specified in the order in respect of a communicable disease. R.S.O. 1990, c. H.7, s. 22 (1).

That’s right people. You do have a choice. This docuview is not meant to sway you in any direction. We are all autonomous beings and have the right to live our lives the way we want. I just hope that this docuview provided you with enough information for you to make an educated decision on your health, and going forward, I want you all to be very cautious when listening to the news. Do your research and find the best way to take care of your health.

We, as humans are guaranteed certain things in life: stressors, taxes, bills and death are the first thoughts that pop to mind. It is not uncommon that many people find a hard time dealing with these daily life stressors, and at times will find themselves losing control over their lives. Simone Jennifer Smith’s great passion is using the gifts that have been given to her, to help educate her clients on how to live meaningful lives. The Hear to Help Team consists of powerfully motivated individuals, who like Simone, see that there is a need in this world; a need for real connection. As the founder and Director of Hear 2 Help, Simone leads a team that goes out into the community day to day, servicing families with their educational, legal and mental health needs.Her dedication shows in her Toronto Caribbean newspaper articles, and in her role as a host on the TCN TV Network.

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3 Comments

3 Comments

  1. Lamond Haughton

    July 11, 2020 at 12:26 pm

    Would love to do and interview with the author of the article .

  2. Joe

    July 13, 2020 at 6:46 pm

    God bless

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Community News

Steps to Justice; Inmates buried in the Hinds County Pauper’s Field without their families’ knowledge

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Mary Moore Glenn holds hands with a family member during a press conference held by Attorney Ben Crump in Jackson, Miss., on Wednesday, Dec. 20, 2023.

BY SIMONE J. SMITH

This week, I want to provide an update on a story that closed 2024 on a painfully obvious note; that to some people; some lives seem to matter more than others.

As a journalist, I refuse to turn a blind eye to the silent screams of those whose experiences are relegated to mere footnotes in history. I refuse to succumb to the allure of sensationalism, to prioritize clicks over compassion. For every fleeting moment of attention, there are countless untold stories languishing in the shadows, waiting to be heard, waiting to be acknowledged.

This is one such story. It speaks of lives fractured by trauma, of individuals thrust into the crucible of pain and loss, their struggles overlooked, and their voices drowned out by the clamour of the everyday.

In December 2023, the story broke that: Marrio Moore, 40, Jonathan Hankins, 39, and Dexter Wade, 37, were buried in the Hinds County Pauper’s Field without their families’ knowledge. Each man was reported missing, but it took months — and for Hankins, over a year — for them to find out. The families did not know what had happened until NBCNews.com reporters broke the news. Imagine finding out that your family member who you had not heard from was found buried! People all across America were scratching their heads in disbelief about what had happened in Jackson, Mississippi, with this pauper’s graveyard.

Ben Crump, along with attorney Dennis Sweet, a Jackson native, stepped up to represent the families. Through his work, nationally renowned civil rights and personal injury attorney Ben Crump has spearheaded a legal movement to better protect the rights of marginalized citizens. He has led landscape-changing civil rights cases and represented clients in a wide range of areas including civil rights, personal injury, labor and employment, class actions, and more.

Around the time of the discovery, a press conference was held at the Stronger Hope Baptist Church in Jackson where the families pleaded with city and county officials to explain why they weren’t notified. They also wanted to know why the deaths of each man weren’t properly investigated by the Jackson Police Department.

A further report from NBC News provided a list of names of 215 people who were buried in the same pauper’s field where Moore, Hankins and Wade were.

On Thursday, April 4th, 2024, Attorneys Ben Crump and co-counsel Dennis Sweet released a statement following the announcement from the U.S. Department of Justice that they would provide technical assistance to the Jackson Police Department and Hinds County Coroner’s Office with next-of-kin death notifications related to those buried in Jackson pauper’s field.

Attorneys Crump and Sweet have released the following statement:

“We thank the Department of Justice, under Assistant Attorney General Kristen Clarke’s leadership, for taking the steps to address the ongoing issues in Jackson related to the pauper’s field. Our team has been on the ground investigating the situation since Dexter Wade and other horrific cases came to light. We intend to provide any information that might be helpful to the DOJ through this process.”

“The families impacted by local government officials’ shortcomings are grateful that the federal government heard their cries for change and will be intervening. It is our hope that this federal intervention will reestablish trust within the Jackson community and their local agencies.”

The technical assistance, which will be provided by the Civil Rights Division, and the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of Mississippi, will examine: JPD’s General Order on Missing Persons, and new General Order on Death Notifications, and provide recommendations on implementation and training. The technical assistance to the Hinds County Coroner’s Office will provide recommendations on policies and training related to locating next-of-kin.

Under Title VI, the department is working to make sure that law enforcement agencies and other recipients of federal funding take affirmative steps to comply with their civil rights obligations by offering technical assistance to facilitate Title VI compliance. The point of technical assistance is to help agencies update and/or enhance their policies and practices, while strengthening the connection between law enforcement agencies and communities of color and other stakeholders.

In the fleeting echoes of media coverage, amidst the constant churn of headlines, there exist narratives, stories etched in the shadows, barely acknowledged before fading into obscurity. Yet, these are the tales that demand our attention.

In bearing witness to these narratives, in amplifying the voices of the marginalized and the forgotten, I want to continue to honour the families in this story. I refuse to allow their struggles to be relegated to the periphery of our collective consciousness. I refuse to let their pain be consigned to the annals of indifference.

This is not just another story—it is a call to action, a reminder of our shared humanity, and a testament to the enduring power of empathy in the face of adversity.

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2024 Toronto Caribbean Carnival Festival management committee shares, “Look forward to exciting changes!”

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Photo provided by Paul Junor

BY PAUL JUNOR

There is much anticipation, expectation and cautious optimism for the 57th Toronto Caribbean Carnival. There have been many challenges that the Festival Management Committee (FMC) have faced over the years notably in terms of funding. The FMC has some exciting plans for 2024, which it recently unveiled. This is good news for North America’s largest Caribbean festival.

In the December 23rd, 2023, issue of the Toronto Carnival Insider Volume 1: Beyond the Mas some of the achievements and accomplishments of 2023 are highlighted by Jennifer Hirlehey, Chair of the FMC. She lists:

  • For the first time in the history of the FMC, we involved representatives of our stakeholders: OPSA, OSA and CAC to join our Board of Directors.
  • This year the FMC prioritizes: fiscal responsibility, accountability, and transparency. We were able to produce the Carnival with approximately $1.7 million less than the year before.
  • We reinvested our Education Program, enabling us to take the Carnival Arts back to our schools.
  • We took preliminary steps to start our scholarships and building projects.
  • We refurbished our Sponsorship Program collaborating with multiple high-profile corporations.
  • We restructured internally, ensuring that we have qualified professionals at all levels of the organization.
  • We’ve prioritized projects aimed at revitalizing our volunteer and judging program.
  • We’re taking strides towards self-sustainability and less dependence on grants and other government funding.

In many ways, 2023 was a pivotal year for the largest Caribbean festival in North America as it involved the launch of several creative initiatives. One of them was the Toronto Caribbean Carnival Varsity Collection. It was created by a local artist in Toronto.

Adrian Charles (General Manager) describes some of the changes. “Many of the events will be moved from Lamport Stadium to Exhibition Place, which represents an essential change in location. The utilization of Exhibition Place will see the border of Prince’s Boulevard, New Brunswick and Ontario Drive which is lot number 852 hosting three important events. They include: The King and Queen, the Pan Alive, and the Grand Parade. There will be a significant expansion in the seating capacity that will

include a VIP and judges’ seating. Furthermore, by locating in one area it will help logistically and there will be a better chance of managing other aspects of the festival.”

Board Chair Hirleley followed up on her concerns about funding for 2024. She outlines what the FMC expects in the “Toronto Carnival Insider Vol 0224,” which was sent out on April 3rd, 2024. “Our goal is to become self-sufficient so that we can ensure the Carnival’s longevity and rely less on government funding to stage the Carnival. However, we must continue to educate all levels of government on the significant economic impact of the Carnival.”

She mentions the economic benefits of the Carnival to the City of Toronto. “We contribute approximately $480 million to Ontario’s GDP. We create approximately 4,000 direct jobs each year and we contribute approximately $180 million to the combined tax revenues of the: federal, provincial and municipal governments. Yet, on average we receive approximately one million dollars in combined funding from all levels of government. Moreover, we receive significantly less funding from the province than other festivals of similar size.”

On March 18th, 2024, the FMC Executive Leadership Team met with several MPPs of different parties at the Ontario Legislature. MPP Charmaine Williams introduced and welcomed followed by a reception. The New Dimension Steel Orchestra and Dance Caribe performed followed by a display of costumes by Tribal Mas.

The dates and events of the upcoming Toronto Caribbean Carnival are:

July 14th: Jr. King and Queen

July 20th: Jr Parade

July 28th: OCPA Calypso Show

August 1st: King & Queen

August 2nd: Friday Night Mas

August 3rd: Grand Parade

August 4th: OSA Pan in D Park

August 4th: International Rum Fest

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His films were not merely narratives; they were struggles, and triumphs of the African-Caribbean community

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BY SIMONE J. SMITH

There were environments where he was dismissed and disrespected, and not once did he stop being who he was. He had a way of connecting with people, listening to people, hearing people and engaging with them. Those who speak lovingly of him say he will be most remembered for saying things that matter in his work. For taking a stand.

He fought so hard, and he put so much time and energy into getting stories made. His body of work was one that shared voices that were otherwise not being heard in the Canadian film landscape. He had natural talent; he had charisma.

It was a rainy, chilly April 17th, 2024, and the Toronto Caribbean Newspaper had been invited by Humanity Ova Vanity to share in a night with Regent Park film festival, Bipoc TV & Film, and Reel Canada to celebrate the work of an amazing Jamaican-Canadian filmmaker whose talents have made an important and intentional stamp on the landscape of the history of African Caribbean cinema in Canada. It was the night that I was formally introduced to the brilliant Charles Officer

Charles Officer told stories from a nuanced perspective that originated from his experience of being a Canadian born child of Jamaican parents. His life was a mix of poetry and pain, and he learned that stories and visuals could help to speak in ways some couldn’t. His curiosity and intentionality as a human and writer-director has left an indelible mark in the pages of Canadian Film history.

Charles was a versatile and prolific filmmaker whose works typically focused on the experiences of Black Canadians. Initially an actor, he went on to direct, write and produce feature films, documentaries and TV series.

Charles directed four episodes of “The Porter,” the CBC/BET drama about the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters — North America’s first Black-led union — that won 12 awards at the Canadian Screen Awards, including: best original music, production, costume design, best writing and best drama series. Another well-known article of work is his documentary Unarmed Verses, which told the story of Toronto Community Housing residents who were uprooted while their neighbourhood was revitalized.

Charles’s 2008 debut feature, Nurse. Fighter. Boy, premiered at TIFF and was nominated for 10 Genie Awards, the precursor to the Canadian Screen Awards. On the 17th, I had a chance to witness this creative genius on screen with his film “Akilla’s Escape.” In a crime-noir about the urban child-soldier, Akilla Brown captures a fifteen-year-old Jamaican boy in the aftermath of an armed robbery. Over one grueling night, Akilla confronts a cycle of generational violence he thought he escaped.

The movie starts with the dimly lit streets of the city sprawling, a concrete jungle where danger lurks in every shadow. The humid air is heavy with tension as we are gliding through the urban landscape, the distant sounds of reggae music mingling with the rumble of passing cars.

Charles kept me captivated, weaving the narrative of Akilla Brown’s journey. It served as a potent testament to the multifaceted impact of film. Through the lens of urban child soldiers and Caribbean cultural intricacies, the audience was drawn into a world where real-life struggles and dysfunctional family dynamics collided.

Akilla’s forty-year-old existence, straddling between the legitimacy of his cannabis operation and the shadow of his family’s criminal legacy, epitomizes the complexities of identity and morality. As fate intertwines Akilla’s path with that of Sheppard, a mute teenager ensnared in the web of violence, the film delves deep into themes of redemption, legacy, and the cyclical nature of trauma.

Saul Williams’s commanding performance as Akilla, alongside Thamela Mpumlwana’s poignant portrayal of Sheppard, and Donisha Prendergast as the dedicated aunt, brings an authenticity that grips viewers from start to finish. Through Officer’s direction, the film becomes more than mere entertainment; it becomes a mirror reflecting the harsh realities of societal constructs and personal struggles, urging viewers to confront the demons of our past and present.

The screening was followed by a panel with lead actors: Thamela Mpumlwana, Donisha Prendergast, and co-writer Motion and Producer Jake Yanowski. It was moderated by Sarah Tai Black.

Throughout the talk, I learned more about the legacy of this incredible African-Caribbean Canadian filmmaker whose work resonates not just through the lens of cinema, but through the very fabric of storytelling itself. As a: director, writer, producer, actor, cinematographer, and editor, his multifaceted talents illuminated the experiences of African-Caribbean Canadians in a way that was both captivating and authentic.

His films were not merely narratives; they were vivid tapestries woven from the threads of shared experiences, struggles, and triumphs of the African Canadian community. Through his lens, audiences are transported into worlds rich with cultural nuances, social commentary, and the universal human condition.

Beyond his technical prowess and creative vision, it was his boundless energy that truly set him apart. His passion for storytelling was infectious, drawing people from all walks of life into his orbit. Whether collaborating with fellow artists, mentoring aspiring filmmakers, or engaging with audiences, his presence radiated an undeniable magnetism.

In every frame he captured, every line he penned, and every character he brought to life, he not only entertained, but also challenged perceptions and sparked conversations. His body of work serves as a testament to the power of storytelling to bridge divides, inspire change, and celebrate the richness of diversity.

Though he may have left us, his legacy endures—an eternal flame that continues to illuminate the path for future generations of filmmakers. As we reflect on his contributions, let us honour his memory by embracing the spirit of creativity, inclusivity, and resilience that defined his remarkable journey.

REFERENCES:

https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/hot-docs-film-unarmed-verses-puts-uprooted-tch-community-in-spotlight-1.4091497

https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/csas-final-night-2023-1.6811617

https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/charles-officer

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